MEANS OF NORMALISING THE PHYSICAL FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF SPECIAL PURPOSE PREMISES

Abstract

The principles of normalising the levels of physical environmental factors in special purpose premises are defined. Such premises include civil protection shelters, control panels of energy facilities, etc. It is shown that one of the main tasks is to improve the environment using LED ultraviolet radiation sources. The advantage of such systems is that they can be used in the presence of people. At a distance of two metres from people, the maximum permissible dose of ultraviolet radiation (30 J/m²) is not reached within eight hours. When a 5 W emitter is used for every 25 m³ of room volume, a high degree of environmental health is achieved. The number of colonies of pathogenic fungi is reduced by 1.8–2.8 times. The total microbial count is reduced by 1.7–2.2 times. This process is quite long, so it is advisable not to switch off the radiation source even in the absence of people. The low power of the emitters does not significantly affect energy consumption. The ultraviolet radiation of LEDs ionises the air in the room. One LED system increases the concentration of ions in fully deionised air to 1100–1200 cm-3 within three hours. At the same time, the standard concentration values (400 cm-3 positive and 600 cm-3 negative) are achieved within 20–30 minutes, which is better than the known air ionisation devices. Increased concentrations of ions help to purify the air from fine dust and aerosols. It should be borne in mind that in forced ventilation and cooling systems, significant air deionisation occurs. To ensure the electromagnetic safety of people, it is advisable to cover the walls of the premises with a liquid composite material. A layer of 1.0–1.5 mm thick provides shielding coefficients of electromagnetic radiation of ultrahigh frequencies of 3.8–8.0. At the same time, the reflection coefficients are 0.2 5–0.32, which reduces the electromagnetic background due to the re-reflection of radiation. Coating the surfaces of semibasement and basement rooms with a protective mixture helps to avoid radon entering the environment of people.