METHODS AND TOOLS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALIZED INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR MOBILE CONTROL SYSTEMS

Abstract

Relevance. Application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are key components for robot control systems because they provide high performance and processing efficiency. They are used to process data from sensors, such as cameras, lidar and other sensors. They provide fast and accurate signal processing necessary for navigation and object detection. ASICs can be configured to control various motors (DC, servo motors, stepper motors). They provide accurate and fast control of robot movements, which is critically important for industrial robots and robot manipulators. They also provide high-speed data transfer between various modules of the robotics system. These can be interfaces for communication between processors, sensors and actuators. ASICs are used to optimize power consumption, an important aspect for mobile robots and battery-powered drones. In some cases, ASICs specialize in running machine learning algorithms and neural networks, enabling robots to perform complex tasks such as object recognition and real-time decision making. ASICs are developed to perform specific tasks, which allows to significantly increase their performance compared to universal processors. This is especially important for robot control systems, where fast real-time data processing is required. Specialized circuits consume less energy compared to universal solutions because they are optimized to perform specific functions. This is critical for autonomous robots and battery-powered devices. ASICs make it possible to reduce the size of the system due to a high level of integration of components. This contributes to the creation of compact robotic solutions that can be used in narrow spaces or on board mobile robots. Specialized integrated circuits provide a high level of reliability and safety, as they are designed to work in specific conditions and with specific tasks. This reduces the risk of errors or system failures. For high-volume production, the development and use of an ASIC can be more costeffective, as it allows for lower cost per chip due to large-scale production. The use of ASIC allows faster implementation of new technologies and algorithms, as specialized solutions can be quickly adapted to support new functions and capabilities. All these factors make the development of ASIC relevant and provide an opportunity to create unique architectures that maximally meet the requirements of specific control systems, which ensures their optimal operation. The purpose is to research existing methods and tools for the development of specialized integrated circuits for mobile control systems. The object operation of specialized integrated circuits. The subject are is the methods of ensuring the energy efficiency of specialized integrated circuits. Results An analysis of existing methods and tools for the development of specialized integrated circuits for mobile control systems was carried out. The use of ASICs for signal and image processing in robotics allows for high productivity, efficiency, and accuracy, which is critical for many applications. This provides robots with the ability to quickly and accurately respond to changes in the environment and perform complex tasks with high efficiency. Motion control achieves high precision, efficiency and reliability of control systems, and also opens up new opportunities for creating more complex and functional robotic systems capable of performing a wide range of tasks in various industries, including industry, medicine, transport and domestic applications. Although ASICs are not general purpose in the usual sense, they provide high performance, power efficiency and reliability for specific tasks. In applications with defined requirements and large volumes of production, where high performance and energy efficiency are critical, the use of ASIC is a justified and effective solution. For other cases, hybrid approaches combining the advantages of ASICs and general-purpose solutions such as FPGAs or general-purpose processors may be appropriate.