MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE ABSORBER

Abstract

One of the main areas of technological progress in mechanical engineering is to increase the productivity and accuracy of machining parts, to reduce the quality of the surfaces being machined, and to improve the wear resistance of the equipment. Vibrations interfere with the increase of the cutting mode during machining of parts, impair the surface finish, create a sticking effect on the upper spheres, while significantly reducing the machining accuracy and the rigidity of the cutting tool. Occurrence of wobbles is caused by changes in cutting modes, external forces and changes in parameters of the Lathe-attachment-tool-component (LATC) system. Out of a great number of machine-building equipment the most widespread are workbenches for machining of bodies of wrapping, turning and circular grinding group (more than 40%). Therefore, a significant increase in accuracy and productivity of turning of non-rigid parts of the wrap-around bodies type is an urgent issue in the machine-building industry, and the development of methods of protection against vibrations is one of the most important scientific and technological tasks. At the present time there are various methods and ways of reducing vibrations. They can include: balancing and alignment of machines, change of rigidity, damping and inertia parameters of the equipment. Each of these methods is characterized by a rational area of application. Vibration absorbers have a special purpose, as they can be used not only in the design and construction of the structure, but also in the operation of the equipment to improve non-adverse dynamic properties of the equipment that are seen in the implementation of the production. The advantage of vibration absorbers also lies in the fact that at significantly low cost of their creation and operation they can obtain the desired effect of reducing the level of vibrations. During operation, the damper forms a force force that is transmitted to the object. Change of the vibrational state of the object when the dynamical damper is connected is performed both by re-transmission of the volatile energy from the damper to the object, and by means of spreading of the volatilities. The first method is carried out by applying the load-inertial properties of the system objectabsorber to the resonant frequency. Another method is based on increasing of the system's dissipative properties by adding additional special damping elements to the object. In such a case we speak about dynamical damper with friction. Dynamical dampers are based on the use of passive elements (masses, springs, dampers) and active ones that have their own energy sources. To reduce vibrations, which occur during processing of bodies of rotation, we have designed and tested a vibration damper