ORIENTATION OF SOLAR PANELS OF AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF A STATIONARY CONTROL CENTER

Abstract

Solar energy is the main type of alternative energy nowadays. First off all, solar energy is ecologically clean. Secondly, as long as the Earth exists, the sun's energy will be inexhaustible. The advantages of solar energy are renewability of this type of energy, the quiet, the reprocessing of solar radiation into other forms of energy without harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Autonomous power supply systems, built on the basis of the use of solar energy includes next main elements: solar panel, inverter, rechargeable battery, controller. A solar panel consists of several photoelectric elements (modules). It is designated for the conversion the sun energy to electricity. The power generated by the solar panel is dependent on its orientation relative to the sun. As a rule, solar panels are installed in some working position. However, photoelectric elements generate maximum energy if they are located strictly perpendicular to the sun's rays. And this happens only once a day. The position of the Sun in the sky, and, consequently, the angle of incidence of the sun's rays, changes not only during the day, but also with change season. Therefore, in such autonomous electric power supply systems, the possibility of changing the position of the solar panels relative to the Sun is necessary. The purpose of the work is to to carry out a comparative analysis of various methods of orienting solar panels for autonomous power supply systems based on the use of solar energy and to determine the most effective of these methods. This article analyzes the main methods for orienting solar panels along the Sun. Stationary and mobile methods of mounting solar panels are considered and compared from the point of view of their simplicity and efficiency of functioning. According to the results of the analysis carried out in the article, the most effective method is using a solar tracker. The solar tracker will provide automatic orientation of solar panels to the Sun both in azimuth and in altitude throughout the year and time of day