Simulation Models of the Lower Tailwater Structure of Road Culverts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26906/znp.2026.66.4356Keywords:
energy dissipator, culvert, hydraulic jump, energy-dissipating diffuser, tailwater, kinetic energy, road drainageAbstract
The problem of excess kinetic energy dissipation in the lower tailwater of road culverts [15] and drainage structures is considered. The paper presents an analysis of the operating conditions of active-type energy dissipators based on a pressureless energy-dissipating diffuser concept. Three fundamental types of dissipator action on the flow — reactive, dissipative, and distributive — are reviewed as the theoretical framework [1–3]. The factors determining the effectiveness of a spatial energy-dissipating diffuser are identified: the flow rate parameter, the relative width of the discharge channel, the throat opening, the wall installation angle, and the wall height. A D-optimal experimental design was implemented to obtain statistical models of the diffuser operation. Comparative hydraulic model tests of the conventional retaining-wall dissipator and the energy-dissipating diffuser were conducted under varying flow discharges and tailwater submergence conditions. Results show that the relative near-bed velocity downstream of the diffuser is approximately three times lower than that downstream of the conventional retaining-wall dissipator.
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