The impact of development models on a country’s economic growth during digital transformation and the transition to the sixth technological order (2019-2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26906/EiR.2026.1%20(100).4373Keywords:
advanced technology export, Global innovation index, East Asian model, international economy, liberal model, model of developments, supply chains, Scandinavian model, digitalization, sixth technological paradigmAbstract
The article is provided comparison of four development’s models of countries (cluster, liberal, Scandinavian and East Asian) taking into account their impact on the economic growth of countries during the period of digital transformation and transition to the sixth technological order during 2019-2025. The features, advantages and disadvantages of each model are determined, as well as the level of impact of digitalization (share of software spending in GDP) and innovation (position in the Global Innovation Index; share of high-tech exports in GDP) on the economic growth of countries (GDP per capita). Countries are grouped by development model, GDP per capita growth rate, and position in the Global Innovation Index. It is argued that countries with a liberal development model demonstrate the highest GDP per capita growth rates in 2021-2025, which confirms the close connection between innovation, digitalization and economic growth. Countries with the East Asian model are characterized by moderate but stable GDP growth with high indicators of innovation and the share of high-tech exports, which indicates the effectiveness of planned technology development. Countries with the Scandinavian model have high indicators of innovation with a relatively low rate of economic growth and a moderate increase in spending on software. Countries with a cluster development model demonstrate relatively low GDP growth rates and average positions in the innovation rating. The position of Ukraine in the Global Innovation Index, the dynamics of innovation spending, and the volume of high-tech exports for the main period of 2019-2025 are analyzed. It is determined that the development model of Ukraine during 2019-2025 has features of a model with a predominance of a liberal approach and with some elements of cluster model. The state regulation is presented also in Ukraine’s development model. The economy of Ukraine is characterized by a reduction in state spending on innovation, a decrease in its position in the Global Innovation Index. As result, the private sector and international technological cooperation play a key role in supporting innovative activity.
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