SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF NAVIGATIONAL INCIDENTS DURING SHIP MOORING AND WAYS TO IMPROVE THE INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Abstract

Relevance. Due to the increasing size of merchant ships and the load on port infrastructure, the issue of ensuring safety during the mooring process is becoming strategically important. Frequent incidents in ports around the world indicate the imperfection of existing practices and the fragmentation of the implementation of modern risk management methods, in particular Bridge Resource Management (BRM). The object of study is navigation incidents during mooring of large-tonnage vessels. Purpose - to systematically analyze the factors that cause mooring incidents and to formulate recommendations for improving the international regulatory framework and risk management procedures in ports. Methodology. The study uses comparative analysis of incidents, expert risk assessment, classification of causes based on a factor model, and analysis of international IMO regulations (SOLAS, STCW, MSC.255(84), etc.). Results. The study confirmed that the key causes are excessive approach speed, inconsistency of towing support actions, human factor, and lack of standardized BRM procedures on the approach to the berth. Comparison of practices in different countries has shown uneven implementation of simulator training and intelligent decision support systems. Conclusions. The paper provides recommendations for the harmonization of regional practices that promote the development of decision support systems and the introduction of simulator training for ship crews. The expediency of integrating BRM in the port and developing adaptive risk management protocols, taking into account the real state of infrastructure provision, is proved.