Life cycle analysis and assessment in the waste management system of an enterprise: methodology and application (using the example of brewery products)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26906/EiR.2025.4(99).4158Keywords:
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), enterprise waste management, circular economy, sustainable development, carbon footprint, brewing productsAbstract
The article examines the application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the integrated Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) framework as advanced analytical tools for improving waste management systems at the enterprise level. LCA provides a scientifically grounded method for quantifying environmental impacts across all stages of a product’s life cycle—from raw material extraction and manufacturing to use and end-of-life processes—allowing organizations to avoid local optimization and make decisions based on system-wide effects. The study outlines the methodological foundations of ISO 14040/14044, the hierarchical structure of impact categories, and the link between LCA and the EU Environmental Footprint approach, which enhances comparability and transparency of sustainability metrics. Further, the integration of LCA with Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) within the LCSA concept enables a holistic evaluation of environmental, economic, and social impacts under a unified system boundary and functional unit. To demonstrate practical applicability, a simplified LCA of a brewery product is performed. Results indicate that packaging contributes the largest share to the product’s carbon footprint, followed by raw materials and energy consumption, aligning with industry benchmarks. The LCC assessment reveals that the primary cost drivers are product price and energy inputs, emphasizing the importance of material and energy efficiency improvements. Based on identified hotspots, the paper proposes targeted strategies including packaging optimization, supplier engagement for low-carbon raw materials, and further enhancement of energy efficiency measures. Overall, the findings underscore the value of LCA/LCSA as evidence-based decision-support instruments that strengthen sustainability performance and guide innovation in corporate waste management systems. Thus, the implementation of an integrated LCA approach makes it possible to combine environmental, economic, and social indicators within strategic management and to develop relevant metrics for ESG reporting, which in turn strengthens the enterprise’s resilience and competitive position in the context of the transition to a circular economy.
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